Movies Related to College Life
Exam == Kalyug,
Classes == Kabhi Kabhi
Viva == Encounter
Examination Hall == Chamber of Secret
Examiner == Mrityudata
Course == GodZilla
Paper Correction == Andha Kanoon
Exam Time == Qayamat se Qayamat Tak
Question Paper == Paheli
Answer Paper == Kora Kagaz
Marks == Ashambhav
Paper Out == Plan
Cheating == Aksar
Last Exam == Independence Day
Result == Sadma
Pass == Ajooba / Chamatkar
Fail == Devdas
Vacations == Masti
Supplementary == Aakhri Rasta
Saturday, October 13, 2007
Difference between HIV and AIDS
HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus. HIV is the virus that causes AIDS.
While many viruses can be controlled by the immune system, HIV targets and infects the same immune system cells that are supposed to protect us from illnesses. These are a type of white blood cell called CD4 cells. HIV takes over CD4 cells and turns them into virus factories that produce thousands of viral copies. As the virus grows, it damages or kills CD4 cells, weakening the immune system.
About AIDS
AIDS stands for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. AIDS is the most advanced stage of HIV infection. HIV causes AIDS by attacking the immune system’s soldiers – the CD4 cells. When the immune system loses too many CD4 cells, you are less able to fight off infection and can develop serious, often deadly, infections. These are called opportunistic infections because they take advantage of the body's weakened defenses.
When someone dies of AIDS, it is usually opportunistic infections or other long-term effects of HIV infection that cause death. AIDS refers to the body’s immune-compromised state that can no longer stop Opportunistic Infections from developing and becoming so deadly.
The Difference between HIV and AIDS?
You don't have AIDS as soon as you are infected with HIV। You can be HIV+ for many years with no signs of disease, or only mild-to-moderate symptoms। But without treatment, HIV will eventually wear down the immune system in most people to the point that they develop more serious Opportunistic Infections। Most people can not tell that they have been exposed or infected। It can take up to 12 weeks for an HIV test to come back positive. However most people respond much faster. Within two to four weeks of exposure to HIV, you might have flu-like symptoms such as fever, swollen glands, muscle aches, or rash. The only way to know for sure if you are infected is take an HIV test. If you are infected, your immune system will make antibodies to fight the virus. The HIV test looks for these antibodies. If you have them in your blood, it means that you have HIV infection. The CDC estimates that more than 25% of HIV+ people are unaware of their HIV status. Many of these people look and feel healthy and do not think they are at risk. But the truth is that anyone of any age, gender, race, sexual orientation, or social or economic class can become infected. It is your actions that put you at risk. You should be tested if:
You have had vaginal, anal, or oral sex without a condom
You have shared needles or syringes to inject drugs (including steroids or hormones)
You are uncertain of your partner’s status or your partner is HIV+
You are pregnant or are considering becoming pregnant
You have ever been diagnosed with a sexually transmitted disease
You have hepatitis C If you test HIV- you can take steps to stay that way.
The most common test for HIV is the antibody test called ELISA. It can be done on blood, saliva, or urine. it is more than 99% accurate. Results are generally available within two weeks. A positive result means your body has developed antibodies for HIV, so you are infected with the virus. To be completely certain, positive results are confirmed with a more sensitive test called the Western blot. A negative result means your body has not developed antibodies and is probably not infected. To get truly accurate results, it's necessary to wait three to six months after your last possible exposure to the virus before being tested. That is because the immune system can take anywhere from three to twelve weeks to make antibodies. In this "window period," someone may get an unclear result or a false negative. It is important to get tested at a site that provides counseling. Counselors can answer questions about high-risk behavior and suggest ways you can protect yourself and others in the future. People who test HIV+ can receive support and referrals to health care and other services. The counselor can help you through the whole testing process – from start to finish. In 2005, the rate of AIDS diagnoses among African and American women was 24 times higher than that of their white female counterparts.
While many viruses can be controlled by the immune system, HIV targets and infects the same immune system cells that are supposed to protect us from illnesses. These are a type of white blood cell called CD4 cells. HIV takes over CD4 cells and turns them into virus factories that produce thousands of viral copies. As the virus grows, it damages or kills CD4 cells, weakening the immune system.
About AIDS
AIDS stands for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. AIDS is the most advanced stage of HIV infection. HIV causes AIDS by attacking the immune system’s soldiers – the CD4 cells. When the immune system loses too many CD4 cells, you are less able to fight off infection and can develop serious, often deadly, infections. These are called opportunistic infections because they take advantage of the body's weakened defenses.
When someone dies of AIDS, it is usually opportunistic infections or other long-term effects of HIV infection that cause death. AIDS refers to the body’s immune-compromised state that can no longer stop Opportunistic Infections from developing and becoming so deadly.
The Difference between HIV and AIDS?
You don't have AIDS as soon as you are infected with HIV। You can be HIV+ for many years with no signs of disease, or only mild-to-moderate symptoms। But without treatment, HIV will eventually wear down the immune system in most people to the point that they develop more serious Opportunistic Infections। Most people can not tell that they have been exposed or infected। It can take up to 12 weeks for an HIV test to come back positive. However most people respond much faster. Within two to four weeks of exposure to HIV, you might have flu-like symptoms such as fever, swollen glands, muscle aches, or rash. The only way to know for sure if you are infected is take an HIV test. If you are infected, your immune system will make antibodies to fight the virus. The HIV test looks for these antibodies. If you have them in your blood, it means that you have HIV infection. The CDC estimates that more than 25% of HIV+ people are unaware of their HIV status. Many of these people look and feel healthy and do not think they are at risk. But the truth is that anyone of any age, gender, race, sexual orientation, or social or economic class can become infected. It is your actions that put you at risk. You should be tested if:
You have had vaginal, anal, or oral sex without a condom
You have shared needles or syringes to inject drugs (including steroids or hormones)
You are uncertain of your partner’s status or your partner is HIV+
You are pregnant or are considering becoming pregnant
You have ever been diagnosed with a sexually transmitted disease
You have hepatitis C If you test HIV- you can take steps to stay that way.
The most common test for HIV is the antibody test called ELISA. It can be done on blood, saliva, or urine. it is more than 99% accurate. Results are generally available within two weeks. A positive result means your body has developed antibodies for HIV, so you are infected with the virus. To be completely certain, positive results are confirmed with a more sensitive test called the Western blot. A negative result means your body has not developed antibodies and is probably not infected. To get truly accurate results, it's necessary to wait three to six months after your last possible exposure to the virus before being tested. That is because the immune system can take anywhere from three to twelve weeks to make antibodies. In this "window period," someone may get an unclear result or a false negative. It is important to get tested at a site that provides counseling. Counselors can answer questions about high-risk behavior and suggest ways you can protect yourself and others in the future. People who test HIV+ can receive support and referrals to health care and other services. The counselor can help you through the whole testing process – from start to finish. In 2005, the rate of AIDS diagnoses among African and American women was 24 times higher than that of their white female counterparts.
Dipression
Depression is more than just feeling sad. People who are clinically depressed are not just moody or feeling “blue” for a few days. They experience long periods of feeling very down—or in some cases, very anxious or extremely tired—for several weeks or months. Drug or alcohol abuse may also be signs of depression. Because depression can change the way a person feels, thinks, and behaves, it can have negative effects on all aspects of a person’s life, from school, to work, to family and social life. Depression is not a sign of a weak personality, nor is it something to be ashamed of. It is a real disease, like HIV, diabetes, or arthritis – one that needs treatment. The good news is that depression can be treated effectively. In addition to external, societal factors that may contribute to depression, there are other reasons why a person might become depressed. These include traumatic life experiences such as the death of a loved one, living with disease, taking medications with unpleasant side effects, substance abuse, hormonal changes, or a family history of depression. Sometimes the cause of depression is unknown.
Whatever the circumstances, depression is caused by an imbalance of certain chemicals in the brain. Normally, these "chemical messengers" help nerve cells communicate with one another by sending and receiving messages, and they may also influence a person's mood. In the case of depression, the available supply of the chemical messengers is low, so nerve cells can't communicate effectively. There are a number of possible symptoms of depression. To be diagnosed with depression, a person must have several of these symptoms at once, including depressed mood, or loss of interest or pleasure in activities. It is not necessary that all depressed patients have all the same symptoms; studies have shown that people may experience the symptoms of depression in different ways. While one person may experience bodily aches and pains, another person may notice a sudden fluctuation in their weight or appetite. It’s important to understand what the symptoms of depression are so the disease can be properly treated.
Signs and symptoms of depression may include1:
•Depressed or irritable mood most of the day—nearly every day
• Loss of interest or pleasure in activities like hobbies, work, sex, or being with friends most of the day—nearly every day
• A sudden change in weight or appetite
• Inability to sleep or sleeping too much
• Agitation or restlessness
• Constant fatigue or loss of energy
• Frequent feelings of worthlessness or guilt
Difficulty concentrating or making decisions Counseling, or psychotherapy, is often called “talk therapy,” and it comes in many forms, but basically it is aimed at helping you develop new ways to cope with problems and stress, and to identify and understand more about your anxiety and how to avoid it in the future. Psychotherapy may take place in individual, group, or family sessions, and as with medication, the process itself may take some time before it is effective.
Whatever the circumstances, depression is caused by an imbalance of certain chemicals in the brain. Normally, these "chemical messengers" help nerve cells communicate with one another by sending and receiving messages, and they may also influence a person's mood. In the case of depression, the available supply of the chemical messengers is low, so nerve cells can't communicate effectively. There are a number of possible symptoms of depression. To be diagnosed with depression, a person must have several of these symptoms at once, including depressed mood, or loss of interest or pleasure in activities. It is not necessary that all depressed patients have all the same symptoms; studies have shown that people may experience the symptoms of depression in different ways. While one person may experience bodily aches and pains, another person may notice a sudden fluctuation in their weight or appetite. It’s important to understand what the symptoms of depression are so the disease can be properly treated.
Signs and symptoms of depression may include1:
•Depressed or irritable mood most of the day—nearly every day
• Loss of interest or pleasure in activities like hobbies, work, sex, or being with friends most of the day—nearly every day
• A sudden change in weight or appetite
• Inability to sleep or sleeping too much
• Agitation or restlessness
• Constant fatigue or loss of energy
• Frequent feelings of worthlessness or guilt
Difficulty concentrating or making decisions Counseling, or psychotherapy, is often called “talk therapy,” and it comes in many forms, but basically it is aimed at helping you develop new ways to cope with problems and stress, and to identify and understand more about your anxiety and how to avoid it in the future. Psychotherapy may take place in individual, group, or family sessions, and as with medication, the process itself may take some time before it is effective.
Friday, October 12, 2007
Heart Touching Hindi SMS......
Wonderful Hindi SMS ……….
• Haskar hame rula mat dena, Khas banakar geir bana mat dena, Mana ki roz aapse milte nahi, Isi bat ka bahana banakar bhula mat dena.
• Husband wife ghumane gaye, Raste mein ek GADHA ghas kha raha tha, Husband bola…vo dekho tumhara ristedar ghas kha raha hai namaste karo, wife boli……NAMASTE DEVERJI.
• 2love someone is madness, 2be loved by someone is gift, 2 love someone who loves you is duty but 2be loved by someone whom you love is......LIFE.
• Harpal haske jiya karte hai, tumse har bat kiya karte hai, tum khas ho hamare liye, Isiliye harpal tumhe yaad kiya karte hai.
• Nishane pe Jo lage use kehte he teer, Dil me jo utar jaye use kahte he tasveer, Aur aap jaise dost ka saath mile to use kahte hai takdir.
• Don ke patang ka intezar to 11 gharo k terrace kar rahe hai, lekin Don ka patang pkdana mushkil hi nahi namumkin hai, kyki…Don ko patang udana hi nahi aata.
• Apko har safar ka kinara milega, chamkata hua har sitara milega, Ayegi chehre pe pyari si “MUSKAN”, message jab bhi aap ko hamara milega.
• Suraj ugta hai aapki kadmo ki aahat se, har kali khilti hai aap ke jagne se, jyada mat soiye ab jagiye, kyoki har subah hoti hai aap ke muskurane se.
• Geet ki zarurat dil main hoti hai, sangit ki zarurat mehfil main hoti hai,phir bhi adhuri hai ye zindgi kyuki ek dost ki zarurat har pal hoti hai.
• Bhagvan Shankar and Parvati kabhi computer kyu nahi sikh paye? Tell tell nahi malum kyuki har bar Ganeshji MOUSE lekar bhag jate the.
• Khamosh raat ke pahelu main sitare na hote, in rukhi aakhon main rangin nazare na hote, ham bhi na karte parvah aapki, agar aap itne pyare na hote…….
• If 100% of the people love u, make sure I am one of them, If 99% hate u make sure I am the 1% which love u, If 100% hate u, make sure I am dead…
• Lamha- lamha jodkar zindgi banai, Zindagi main aapki dosti ki mahek aai,dosti ke naam kar diye kuchh lamhe, baki lamho main aapki yaad aai...
• We spend our days waiting for an ideal path to appear in front of us, but what we forget is that, paths are made by walking, not by waiting.
• Wonderful couples in this world, Heart and beats, Night and moon, Music and songs, Roses and love, Fish and water, my message and your smile.
• Messages are not for time pass, they silently say that I am thinking of you right now and also making you to think of me for a moment…
• There are two great days in a person’s life: The day we are born and the day we discover why we born?
• Nothing can be done by changing face, but everything can be done by facing the change.
• Friendship is not an exam to pass or fail, it’s not a competition to win or lose, but it’s a feeling in which you care for someone more than what you do for yourself.
• What is would similarity between Bill Gates and me? Don’t know? So simple, he never comes to my house and I never go to his house. You know EGO PROBLEM?
• The small moon can eclipse the great sun, you too can do great things if set yourself in the right place at the right time.
• One best book is equal to hundred good friends, but one good encouraging friend is more than a library.
• Haskar hame rula mat dena, Khas banakar geir bana mat dena, Mana ki roz aapse milte nahi, Isi bat ka bahana banakar bhula mat dena.
• Husband wife ghumane gaye, Raste mein ek GADHA ghas kha raha tha, Husband bola…vo dekho tumhara ristedar ghas kha raha hai namaste karo, wife boli……NAMASTE DEVERJI.
• 2love someone is madness, 2be loved by someone is gift, 2 love someone who loves you is duty but 2be loved by someone whom you love is......LIFE.
• Harpal haske jiya karte hai, tumse har bat kiya karte hai, tum khas ho hamare liye, Isiliye harpal tumhe yaad kiya karte hai.
• Nishane pe Jo lage use kehte he teer, Dil me jo utar jaye use kahte he tasveer, Aur aap jaise dost ka saath mile to use kahte hai takdir.
• Don ke patang ka intezar to 11 gharo k terrace kar rahe hai, lekin Don ka patang pkdana mushkil hi nahi namumkin hai, kyki…Don ko patang udana hi nahi aata.
• Apko har safar ka kinara milega, chamkata hua har sitara milega, Ayegi chehre pe pyari si “MUSKAN”, message jab bhi aap ko hamara milega.
• Suraj ugta hai aapki kadmo ki aahat se, har kali khilti hai aap ke jagne se, jyada mat soiye ab jagiye, kyoki har subah hoti hai aap ke muskurane se.
• Geet ki zarurat dil main hoti hai, sangit ki zarurat mehfil main hoti hai,phir bhi adhuri hai ye zindgi kyuki ek dost ki zarurat har pal hoti hai.
• Bhagvan Shankar and Parvati kabhi computer kyu nahi sikh paye? Tell tell nahi malum kyuki har bar Ganeshji MOUSE lekar bhag jate the.
• Khamosh raat ke pahelu main sitare na hote, in rukhi aakhon main rangin nazare na hote, ham bhi na karte parvah aapki, agar aap itne pyare na hote…….
• If 100% of the people love u, make sure I am one of them, If 99% hate u make sure I am the 1% which love u, If 100% hate u, make sure I am dead…
• Lamha- lamha jodkar zindgi banai, Zindagi main aapki dosti ki mahek aai,dosti ke naam kar diye kuchh lamhe, baki lamho main aapki yaad aai...
• We spend our days waiting for an ideal path to appear in front of us, but what we forget is that, paths are made by walking, not by waiting.
• Wonderful couples in this world, Heart and beats, Night and moon, Music and songs, Roses and love, Fish and water, my message and your smile.
• Messages are not for time pass, they silently say that I am thinking of you right now and also making you to think of me for a moment…
• There are two great days in a person’s life: The day we are born and the day we discover why we born?
• Nothing can be done by changing face, but everything can be done by facing the change.
• Friendship is not an exam to pass or fail, it’s not a competition to win or lose, but it’s a feeling in which you care for someone more than what you do for yourself.
• What is would similarity between Bill Gates and me? Don’t know? So simple, he never comes to my house and I never go to his house. You know EGO PROBLEM?
• The small moon can eclipse the great sun, you too can do great things if set yourself in the right place at the right time.
• One best book is equal to hundred good friends, but one good encouraging friend is more than a library.
HIMACHAL PRADESH, Haven on the earth
Himachal Pradesh, spread over 55,673 sq.km. Is bordered by Jammu and Kashmir on north, Punjab on west and south-west, Haryana on south Uttaranchal on south -east and by Tibet on the east. It is a mountainous region, known for the natural beauty of its forests, rivers, valleys, hills and dales and is rich in natural resources. The Kangra valley is a longitudinal trough at the foot of the Dhauladhar range. Dhauladhar which means the 'White Peak' has a mean elevation of about 4550 meters. It has an abrupt rise of 3600mtrs above the Kangra valley. The largest of the lesser Himalayan ranges, the Pir Panjal, branches off from the greater Himalayan range near the bank of the river Sutlej. Numerous glaciers exist and several passes lie across Pir Panjal. The Rohtang Pass (4800mtrs) is one of them.
Himachal has 49 cities and towns. The smallest town is Naina Devi and the largest is Shimla with a population of about 6, 17,404. Urban population is only 7.5% of the total population. Most of the people live in rural habitations varying in size from isolated hamlets to conglomerated settlements.Himachal Pradesh, the land of eternal snow peaks abounds in exotic valleys, glorious green hill-slopes, snowcapped mountains, gushing streams and the hills of Himalaya welcome the tourists from all over the world. In this mountain wonderland, the pace of life is measured and tranquil. Himachal Pradesh is full of hill resorts, pilgrimages, adventure sports destinations, and wildlife that attract a wide range of tourist traffic. Today, Himachal Pradesh is one of the most important tourist destinations in India. It also has excellent trekking. Main tourist complexes are Shimla, Palampur, Dharamsala, Kulu-Manali, and Chamba-Dalhousie. Temple at Bhima Kali, Sarahan, Hatkoti, Jwalajee, Chamunda Devi, Chintpurni, Renuka and Rewalsar, Deoth Siddh and Naina Devi are major attractions for pilgrims. Tourist complexes are also being set up at Keylong, Kaza, Sangla, Shoja, Kalpa, Khadrala, Kharapathar, Chindi, Bharmour, Chansal and Naggar castle. Hang-gliding competitions are held in Kangra valley. Solang Nallah slopes are getting popular for winter sports. There is an art gallery in Naggar and museums in Chamba, Shimla and Dharamasala. The beautiful tourist resort of Khajjair in Chamba district has been christened as the Switzerland of Himachal Pradesh.
DANCES
Himachal is a land of dances. Its dance forms are varied and some are quite complicated. These dances are an inseparable part of tribal life which reflects the great perseverance and good humour of the human beings in the face of poverty and death. No festivity here is completed without dancing. The dance forms like Dulshol, Dharveshi, Drodi, Dev Naritya, Rakshas Nritya, Dangi, Lasa, Nati and Nagas are danced all over the state and provide a welcome break in the monotony of life. The Kayang Mala dance is very popular in Himachal. 'Chhambha' is similar to the Punjabi dance Bhangra. Dressed in their demon costumes and masks, the dancers look quite awesome. The Nagas Kayang is a dance which copies the movement of a snake. The Herki Kayang is faster in tempo and is danced to a romantic song. This dance is performed by young men and women. The Shuna Kayang dance is danced in most villages in the area and it combines both slow and fast movements. This is a popular dance at festivals. These are two popular dances of the Lahaul valley people and are danced at the Buddhist Gompas in the memory of the Buddha. Shan means a song of prayer for the Buddha. It is a tribal dance which is performed at the completion of the harvesting of crops.
ART AND CRAFTS
Stone and metal sculpture, drawing, carpentry, jewellery making, dyeing and printing of fabrics, spinning and weaving, making toys, shoes or dolls and tattooing are the folk crafts of Himachal Pradesh. Studios in Chatarahadi, Bharmaur and Bojora have produced several beautiful bronze sculptures in the past. The statues of Ardha Vishnu are beautiful examples of the art of metal casting. Some statue forms found in the state are those of Shiva and his wife Parvati, Ganesh, Vishnu in Baikunth, Uma-Maheshwar, Mahishasur Mardini (Durga), Kartikeya and Durga as Shakti. Their shapes and postures follow the strict classical patterns. The Shimla and Nirmand areas produced good artists.The traditional metal pots produced locally have a beautiful finish. The Mangath region in Kangra district is well-known for brass utensils.The temples and Madhis in the Himachal area are full of stone statues of deities. The tribal areas have their own kind of statues which reflect the religious beliefs of the tribals.In the Googa Madhis in the villages, the Googa and his Googadi, his horse and soldiers are carved out in great details. Many walls display beautiful relief work. The Shiva temple at Baijnath and the Krishna temples at Masroor are carved out of a single rock. The temples at Chamba, Mandi, Kulu and Bilaspur areas display feats of architectural skill by local artisans much before the advancement of science. Stone masons can be found in each area and locality in Himachal.Wall paintings are an essential part of the art of the hilly regions. The wall paintings in the Sheesh Mahal show the influence of the Kangra School. These are usually made in houses of the rich by women from poorer families. The wall paintings done by women on the occasion of fasts and festivals describe the stories connected with the occasion.
Himachal has 49 cities and towns. The smallest town is Naina Devi and the largest is Shimla with a population of about 6, 17,404. Urban population is only 7.5% of the total population. Most of the people live in rural habitations varying in size from isolated hamlets to conglomerated settlements.Himachal Pradesh, the land of eternal snow peaks abounds in exotic valleys, glorious green hill-slopes, snowcapped mountains, gushing streams and the hills of Himalaya welcome the tourists from all over the world. In this mountain wonderland, the pace of life is measured and tranquil. Himachal Pradesh is full of hill resorts, pilgrimages, adventure sports destinations, and wildlife that attract a wide range of tourist traffic. Today, Himachal Pradesh is one of the most important tourist destinations in India. It also has excellent trekking. Main tourist complexes are Shimla, Palampur, Dharamsala, Kulu-Manali, and Chamba-Dalhousie. Temple at Bhima Kali, Sarahan, Hatkoti, Jwalajee, Chamunda Devi, Chintpurni, Renuka and Rewalsar, Deoth Siddh and Naina Devi are major attractions for pilgrims. Tourist complexes are also being set up at Keylong, Kaza, Sangla, Shoja, Kalpa, Khadrala, Kharapathar, Chindi, Bharmour, Chansal and Naggar castle. Hang-gliding competitions are held in Kangra valley. Solang Nallah slopes are getting popular for winter sports. There is an art gallery in Naggar and museums in Chamba, Shimla and Dharamasala. The beautiful tourist resort of Khajjair in Chamba district has been christened as the Switzerland of Himachal Pradesh.
DANCES
Himachal is a land of dances. Its dance forms are varied and some are quite complicated. These dances are an inseparable part of tribal life which reflects the great perseverance and good humour of the human beings in the face of poverty and death. No festivity here is completed without dancing. The dance forms like Dulshol, Dharveshi, Drodi, Dev Naritya, Rakshas Nritya, Dangi, Lasa, Nati and Nagas are danced all over the state and provide a welcome break in the monotony of life. The Kayang Mala dance is very popular in Himachal. 'Chhambha' is similar to the Punjabi dance Bhangra. Dressed in their demon costumes and masks, the dancers look quite awesome. The Nagas Kayang is a dance which copies the movement of a snake. The Herki Kayang is faster in tempo and is danced to a romantic song. This dance is performed by young men and women. The Shuna Kayang dance is danced in most villages in the area and it combines both slow and fast movements. This is a popular dance at festivals. These are two popular dances of the Lahaul valley people and are danced at the Buddhist Gompas in the memory of the Buddha. Shan means a song of prayer for the Buddha. It is a tribal dance which is performed at the completion of the harvesting of crops.
ART AND CRAFTS
Stone and metal sculpture, drawing, carpentry, jewellery making, dyeing and printing of fabrics, spinning and weaving, making toys, shoes or dolls and tattooing are the folk crafts of Himachal Pradesh. Studios in Chatarahadi, Bharmaur and Bojora have produced several beautiful bronze sculptures in the past. The statues of Ardha Vishnu are beautiful examples of the art of metal casting. Some statue forms found in the state are those of Shiva and his wife Parvati, Ganesh, Vishnu in Baikunth, Uma-Maheshwar, Mahishasur Mardini (Durga), Kartikeya and Durga as Shakti. Their shapes and postures follow the strict classical patterns. The Shimla and Nirmand areas produced good artists.The traditional metal pots produced locally have a beautiful finish. The Mangath region in Kangra district is well-known for brass utensils.The temples and Madhis in the Himachal area are full of stone statues of deities. The tribal areas have their own kind of statues which reflect the religious beliefs of the tribals.In the Googa Madhis in the villages, the Googa and his Googadi, his horse and soldiers are carved out in great details. Many walls display beautiful relief work. The Shiva temple at Baijnath and the Krishna temples at Masroor are carved out of a single rock. The temples at Chamba, Mandi, Kulu and Bilaspur areas display feats of architectural skill by local artisans much before the advancement of science. Stone masons can be found in each area and locality in Himachal.Wall paintings are an essential part of the art of the hilly regions. The wall paintings in the Sheesh Mahal show the influence of the Kangra School. These are usually made in houses of the rich by women from poorer families. The wall paintings done by women on the occasion of fasts and festivals describe the stories connected with the occasion.
Difference between LOVE and AFFECTION
LOVE is many things: the protective love of a mother for her child, the passion of a couple newly in loves, the deep love of long-term companions and the divine love of God. Some cultures have 10 or more words for different forms of love, and poets and songwriters always find myriad aspects of love to celebrate. Is there anything universal behind all this diversity? As Pope Benedict recently asked in his first encyclical letter: "Are all the forms of love basically one, so that love is ultimately a single reality?” It is about feeling with someone, rather than just for them. You try to put yourself in their shoes, to enter into their situation. It comes from your intestines. The word love appears in many contexts: there’s maternal love, familial love, romantic love, sexual love, a wider love for fellow humans and religious love for God, to name but a few. Some cultures have ten or more words for different forms of love, and poets and songwriters always find myriad aspects of love to celebrate. The science of love is still in its infancy. Yet scientists are beginning to get early insights into the nature and origin of love. We can now look inside human brains to view changing patterns of activity and biochemical changes that take place during love.
In the brain, romantic love shows similarities to going mildly insane or suffering from obsessive compulsive disorder. Lust is driven by sex hormones such as testosterone, which can go off-kilter too. And love is not only restricted to partnerships between men and women. IT IS a common observation that we are attracted to people who resemble us. We are more likely to like them, bond with them and have stable relationships with them - a phenomenon that social scientists call "homophily". This seems to make sense: partners of the same age, race, religion or educational level, or who have similar personalities and attitudes, will reinforce each other's self-esteem, find mutually enjoyable pursuits and receive support from their extended families and social networks.
Many factors add up to make us desirable to potential partners. There's the obvious stuff like symmetrical features and good skin - which showcase a healthy development, immune system and good genes. Women look for tall men with masculine faces, kindness, wealth and status. Men prefer young, fertile women with a low waist-to-hip ratio and who are not too tall. Neither sex is very keen on people who wear glasses.
Beauty can come at a price however. Other factors are more random - a woman's attractiveness and pheromones can fluctuate with her hormone levels and menstrual cycle. As a consequence, taking the pill can inhibit a woman's ability to select an appropriate mate. When men and women are attracted to each other, fall in love and enter into lasting relationships, they are choosing partners who differ from themselves. At the very least they differ biologically, in physical appearance and body function - but that is just the beginning. For men and women also differ from each other, statistically at least, in cognitive traits such as visuospatial skills, navigational strategies, verbal fluency, memory skills and mathematical reasoning, and in aspects of personality such as aggressiveness, competitiveness, self-esteem, risk-taking, neuroticism, emotional sensitivity, Unfortunately, it's not all wine and roses when it comes to love. Ecstasy, euphoria, elation and contentment may be accompanied by jealousy, rage, rejection, and hatred. Falling in love may have evolved because people, who focus their attention on a single ideal partner save time and energy, therefore improve their chances of survival and reproduction. Unfortunately, this also means people are pre-disposed to terrible suffering when jilted by their beloved. Painful emotions develop when the reward centers of the brain, associated with the dopamine high of falling in love, fail to get their hit. Paradoxically when we get dumped we tend to love back even harder, as the brain networks and chemicals associated with love increase. First we protest and attempt to win the beloved back. Panic also kicks in as we feel something akin to the separation anxiety experiences by young mammals abandoned by their mothers. While love in virtual worlds may still be unusual, less intense online relationships have become commonplace. A study completed last month by the non-profit Pew Internet & American Life Project based in Washington DC found that 74 per cent of single internet users in the US have taken part in at least one online dating-related activity, including sites specifically devoted to finding a match, while 15 per cent of American adults say they know someone who has been in a long-term relationship with a partner they met online. So it is the big attraction.
In the brain, romantic love shows similarities to going mildly insane or suffering from obsessive compulsive disorder. Lust is driven by sex hormones such as testosterone, which can go off-kilter too. And love is not only restricted to partnerships between men and women. IT IS a common observation that we are attracted to people who resemble us. We are more likely to like them, bond with them and have stable relationships with them - a phenomenon that social scientists call "homophily". This seems to make sense: partners of the same age, race, religion or educational level, or who have similar personalities and attitudes, will reinforce each other's self-esteem, find mutually enjoyable pursuits and receive support from their extended families and social networks.
Many factors add up to make us desirable to potential partners. There's the obvious stuff like symmetrical features and good skin - which showcase a healthy development, immune system and good genes. Women look for tall men with masculine faces, kindness, wealth and status. Men prefer young, fertile women with a low waist-to-hip ratio and who are not too tall. Neither sex is very keen on people who wear glasses.
Beauty can come at a price however. Other factors are more random - a woman's attractiveness and pheromones can fluctuate with her hormone levels and menstrual cycle. As a consequence, taking the pill can inhibit a woman's ability to select an appropriate mate. When men and women are attracted to each other, fall in love and enter into lasting relationships, they are choosing partners who differ from themselves. At the very least they differ biologically, in physical appearance and body function - but that is just the beginning. For men and women also differ from each other, statistically at least, in cognitive traits such as visuospatial skills, navigational strategies, verbal fluency, memory skills and mathematical reasoning, and in aspects of personality such as aggressiveness, competitiveness, self-esteem, risk-taking, neuroticism, emotional sensitivity, Unfortunately, it's not all wine and roses when it comes to love. Ecstasy, euphoria, elation and contentment may be accompanied by jealousy, rage, rejection, and hatred. Falling in love may have evolved because people, who focus their attention on a single ideal partner save time and energy, therefore improve their chances of survival and reproduction. Unfortunately, this also means people are pre-disposed to terrible suffering when jilted by their beloved. Painful emotions develop when the reward centers of the brain, associated with the dopamine high of falling in love, fail to get their hit. Paradoxically when we get dumped we tend to love back even harder, as the brain networks and chemicals associated with love increase. First we protest and attempt to win the beloved back. Panic also kicks in as we feel something akin to the separation anxiety experiences by young mammals abandoned by their mothers. While love in virtual worlds may still be unusual, less intense online relationships have become commonplace. A study completed last month by the non-profit Pew Internet & American Life Project based in Washington DC found that 74 per cent of single internet users in the US have taken part in at least one online dating-related activity, including sites specifically devoted to finding a match, while 15 per cent of American adults say they know someone who has been in a long-term relationship with a partner they met online. So it is the big attraction.
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